Annotating patient clinical records with syntactic chunks and named entities: the Harvey corpus

The free text notes typed by physicians during patient consultations contain valuable information for the study of disease and treatment. These notes are difficult to process by existing natural language analysis tools since they are highly telegraphic (omitting many words), and contain many spelling mistakes, inconsistencies in punctuation, and non-standard word order. To support information extraction and classification tasks over such text, we describe a de-identified corpus of free text notes, a shallow syntactic and named entity annotation scheme for this kind of text, and an approach to training domain specialists with no linguistic background to annotate the text. Finally, we present a statistical chunking system for such clinical text with a stable learning rate and good accuracy, indicating that the manual annotation is consistent and that the annotation scheme is tractable for machine learning

Antibacterial Properties of Stainless Steel Coated on Ti6Al4V Alloy

open access journalTitanium alloys and stainless steeltype 316Lare used in biomedical applications due to their high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility properties. In this study, a functionally graded material composed of titanium and stainless steel was fabricated usinga powder metallurgical technique. Ti6Al4V alloy powder was placed as a substrate into a graphite crucible and stainless steel powder was added as a thin layer on the Ti6Al4V powder. The two layers were consolidated in-situ using a uniaxial hot press. The sintering process was carried out at 1050 oC for 30 minutes under 50 MPa. The pressure was maintained during the whole sintering process. A disc shape compact of 20 mmdiameter and 5 mmthickness was obtained aftersintering. The samples were metallographically prepared and their antibacterial properties were evaluated. A strong bonding was observed between the Ti6Al4V substrate and the 316L stainless steel layer, and no bacteria were observed on the stainless steel surface

Bong Joon Ho, Okja (2017): Wounding the Feelings

Okja is a cute fictitious pig which is created in the laboratory as a solution for the meat industry to prevent hunger, which is one of the important problems of our contemporary century and the near future of the humanity. This pig-like, depicted as an ecological food source of the industrial society, is commodified for the mediation of the spheres within the society. Okja, as a film, falls within the intersections of food industry, feminism, orientalism, mediatization and globalization concepts. I try to understand and redefine the movie through contradictions such as East-West, women-men, good-evil. The review reexamines multiple interacting concepts and highlights important sides of the globalization issues

Housing and output growth in Turkey

This paper investigates the housing-output growth nexus in Turkey by using quarterly data on real gross domestic product, real house prices and real gross fixed capital formation. The main aim of this paper is to identify indicators, for example, output and real capital formation, which potentially has strong causal relationship with housing prices in Turkey. The data set for this study spans the period; 1987:Q1 to 2016:Q2. Using full sample bootstrap Granger causality test and parameter stability test, we examine the stability of estimated Vector Autoregressive Regressions (VAR), and thus determined whether the full-sample Granger causality inference might be invalid. When the stability of the VAR model is rejected, the Granger non-causality tests are not valid. For this reason, the bootstrap rolling window estimation technique was used to evaluate the Granger causality between the housing variables and the output growth rate. The bootstrap rolling window estimation results show that there is no Granger causality relation in full sample. However, in some sub-periods, these variables have predictive ability for each other

Structure Dynamics Guided Enzyme Improvement of ENDO-BETA-1, 4-XYLANASE I

Enzyme structure dynamics has recently been revealed to be essential for structure-function relationship. Among various structure dynamics analysis platforms, hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry stands as an efficient and high-throughput way to analyze protein dynamics upon ligand binding, protein folding, and enzyme catalysis. HDX-MS can be used to study the regional dynamics of proteins based on the m/z value or percentage of deuterium incorporation for the digested peptides in the HDX experiments. Various software packages have been developed to analyze HDX-MS data. However, for the accurate, enhanced, and explicit statistical analysis of HDX-MS data statistical analysis of software was developed as HDXanalyzer. The capability of HDX-MS analysis for the identification of enzyme structure dynamics was tested by using model catalysis endoxylanase A (XYN I) from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The HDX data of XYN I revealed a highly dynamic personality of XYN I through the interaction with two substrates. The dynamic data which certainly restricts the targeted regions for the protein engineering efforts provided useful knowledge about the essential structural modifications for the catalysis of XYN I. The obtained knowledge was then employed for the engineering studies in order to improve the certain characteristics of XYN I protein. The high level stabilization of XYN I protein was gathered and the two highly active and moderately thermostable XYN I recombinants were developed based on the HDX-MS data which further confirmed the efficiency of the current strategy for the rational designs of catalytic proteins. A differential dynamics analysis of the two structurally similar catalysts was also performed through HDX-MS. The functionally and sequentially different but structurally highly similar XYN I and endoglucanase (Eg1A) enzymes revealed distinct structure dynamic characteristics. Compared to XYN I, Eg1A from Aspergillus niger indicated quite restricted structural motions. The data clearly postulated that the intrinsic dynamic modifications of during the enzymatic catalysis may not be the only driving force in all cases. In summary, the integration of the structure dynamics knowledge to the current biochemical and biophysical data of catalysts may provide novel insights to further enzyme improvement applications

Lee Isaac Chung, Minari (2020): Having an Amerikorean Life

Minari by Lee Isaac Chung is a drama which chronicles the life of a Korean family who moves to the USA during 1980s in pursuit for a better life. The acculturation process is experienced differently by family members. Children are mostly bored with their new life in the rural area of Arkansas while their mother, Monica, is terrified of living in a mobile home which is made of a truck trailer in the middle of nowhere. Meanwhile, the grandmother joins the family from Korea to take care of the kids with a more positive approach dealing with their struggles. The father, Jacob, takes his family and marriage on a dangerous adventure as he tries to spawn a farm on the virgin land that has never been touched before

The variation of 5'-carboxycytosine localization within the nucleus of normal and cancerous cells

Aim: Cytosine modifications are the common epigenetic marks during cellular processes. The pattern of cytosine modifications varies depending on the tissues and the developmental stages. The interactions within the epigenome are complex, and co-existence of cytosine modifications provides understanding on their collaborative or distinct functions. This study aims to disclose the intra-nuclear co-location of 5'-carboxycytosine with other modified cytosine bases in normal and cancerous cells. Methods: Co-localization patterns were assessed using an immunostaining protocol enhanced with enzyme treatments, and microscope images were analyzed using ImageJ co-loc plug in. Results: Findings showed that most of 5'-carboxycytosine is associated with oxidized forms of 5'-methylcytosine; however, some extent of individual localization was detected following different antigen retrievals. Conclusion: These suggest that antigenicity reveals variation in the detection of the co-existence of cytosine modifications. The spatial organization of chromatin may be expected to affect this variation and it needs further investigation.&nbsp

Some physico-chemical factors affecting the release of salicylic acid and related drugs from oil-in-water emulsions

The stability and release characteristics of some Miglyol-in-water emulsions were studied. The ternary phase diagrams of Miglyol, water and the selected anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants provided fundamental information about the stability of the emulsions produced. The preliminary drug release experiments indicated that release from an emulsion was governed by the transfer of the drug from the oil phase, which was dependent on the type of the interfacial film. This was proved using different surfactants or surfactant mixtures to prepare the emulsions. The effect of the apparent partition coefficient.of the drug, which is a function of the oil/water phase volume ratio, ø, the micellar phase concentration and the pH of the external phase, on release was studied. The release wass lower the greater the ø or , for the same ø, the higher the micellar phase concentration. The effect of the partition coefficient on drug release was demonstrated, by incorporating different drugs in a model emulsion which showed that these two parameters are inversely related. A trend towards a decreasing release rate from the oil with increasing viscosity was observed . However, the variations observed in the drug release from the emulsions could not only be attributed to the viscosity of the oil phase, but also to the changes in the interfacial film caused by the gelling agents. The short and long-term and the elevated stability tests proved that, except in the case of emulsions stabilized with Span 80 or Tween 20-Span 80 mixtures to produce low HLB values, the emulsions were stable . However, particle size distribution analysis determined by photosedimentometry has confirmed that microscopy was not a satisfactory method for accurate size distribution analysis and it provided only a gross visual check on the size distribution. This was due to the presence of a large number of globules in the submicrometer range

SUPPORTING TEACHER DEVELOPMENT ABOUT EARLY LITERACY IN CHILDREN WITH HEARING LOSS: AN ACTION RESEARCH IN TURKEY

Children with hearing loss show a similar development to their hearing peers in terms of the development of oral and written language. They may experience some delays in oral language skills, which is one of the sub-fields of literacy. Children with hearing loss in the preschool period in Turkey receive support education services from preschool inclusive environments and special education and rehabilitation center (SERC). Research indicates that education programs related to early literacy positively affect teachers' professional development, the characteristics, and practices of literacy environments. In addition, supporting the professional development of teachers with roles such as guidance/mentoring/coaching indirectly affects the literacy development of children indirectly. Research with teachers on early literacy development in children with hearing loss in Turkey are about teachers' reflections on their own learning-teaching processes. It is stated that teachers working with preschool children do not have sufficient knowledge about early literacy in Turkey. Research in SERCs also emphasize the importance of supporting the education of children with hearing loss through the participation of teachers in SERCs with in-service training. The study aims to examine the process with one hearing-impaired children teacher in the context of the early literacy development in-service training program. It was designed as participatory action research because it overlaps with an in-service training process that can meet the information needs of one teacher in SERC about early literacy development. The data were collected through field notes and video recording observations, semi-structured and unstructured interviews, documents, products, and a research diary. All data were analyzed inductively during the research process and at the end of the research. It is seen that the knowledge of teachers in the SERC, where support education services in Turkey, is limited on early literacy development. Teacher's needs can be listed as relating the goals with early literacy experiences, planning the lesson in accordance with the level of the child and supporting early literacy, determining the appropriate material, implementation and evaluation. A program to be developed to support teachers regarding early literacy; in addition to informing, it can be stated that the implementation and evaluation processes are supportive of the development. In the implementation of such programs, it can be emphasized that it is important to consider adult learning, to give positive and immediate feedback, and to use internal and external motivational resources.  Article visualizations